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6 articles with this tag.
NIST's primary post-quantum signature standard works by signing, checking your own signature against a size limit, and throwing it away and starting over if it's too big. Learn how 'Fiat-Shamir with Aborts' turns a leaky lattice proof into a secure signature.
14 min read
Falcon produces the smallest signatures of any NIST post-quantum standard. It does that by solving a problem that broke the leading lattice signature schemes of the late 1990s/early 2000s. Learn the hash-and-sign paradigm, and why the naive version of it is fatally insecure.
13 min read
FrodoKEM deliberately throws away the algebraic structure that makes lattice cryptography fast. It trades performance for a security proof that rests on plain, 'vanilla' Learning With Errors. Learn how it works and why some cryptographers prefer that trade.
10 min read
The key encapsulation mechanism NIST chose to replace RSA and ECDH for general-purpose use. Learn how Kyber hides a noisy linear system inside a polynomial ring to get both lattice-hard security and real-world speed.
9 min read
Before Kyber, before LWE was even named, NTRU showed that ordinary polynomial multiplication in the right ring could resist quantum attacks. Learn how NTRU hides a fast decryption trick behind a public convolution product.
11 min read
SABER reached the final round of NIST's post-quantum competition with a trick Kyber doesn't use: instead of adding random noise, it rounds numbers down and lets the rounding error itself do the job. Learn how Learning With Rounding works.
10 min read
