Tag

#VPN

2 articles with this tag.

Hybrid Functions Advanced

IPsec and IKEv2

IPsec protects IP traffic with ESP, and IKEv2 negotiates the keys. Learn the SKEYSEED key derivation, pre-shared-key authentication, and AES-GCM, with Python code checked against 280 of NIST's own known-answer test vectors.

Oct 24, 2026 26 min read

Hybrid Functions Advanced

The WireGuard Protocol

WireGuard is a VPN protocol built on the Noise IKpsk2 handshake. Learn the two handshake messages, the cookie mechanism against denial of service, the replay window, and the timers, with Python code that reproduces an official test vector and the Linux kernel self-test.

Oct 21, 2026 37 min read

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